Media Comparison Research :: Compare Contrast Research Papers

Media Comparison Research There have been considerable debate on research of media comparison as it relates to education over the past few years. According to Richard Clark, there has been a "paradigm shift" that occurred in instructional media research during the past decade from a behavioral to a more cognitive approach. (Anglin 348). Clark felt that there was "consistent evidence found that there are no learning benefits to be gained from employing any specific medium to deliver instruction. Research showing performance on time saving gains from one or another medium is shown to be vulnerable to compelling rival hypothesis concerning the uncontrolled effects of instructional method and novelty. (Clark 445) Media Defined: Media refers to a class of instructional resources and representing all aspects of the mediation of instruction through the agency of reproducible events. It includes the materials themselves, the instruments used to deliver the materials to learners and the techniques or methods employed. (Allen 1) Media can be defined by its technology, symbol systems and processing capabilities. The most obvious characteristics of a medium are its technology: the mechanical and electronic aspects that determine its function and, to some extent, its shape and other physical features. (Kozma 180) Basics of Media Research There are three major objectives of media research: (1) obtain knowledge about the educational or instructional effectiveness of a chosen medium; (2) increase understanding of how media and technology function and what psychological effects they have on a learner; (3) improve the practice of education through the provision and evaluation of better materials, media, procedures and technologies (Salomon, Clark 1-2). Schramm, as cited by Salomon, stated that while all media can teach very effectively, "learning seem to be affected more by what is delivered than by the delivery system." (Schramm, 1977) (Salomon 1). This has become the basis of disagreement among experts. Discussion Clark’s article argued that most current summaries and meta-analyses of media comparison studies clearly suggest that media do not influence learning under any conditions. In El Salvador (Schramm, 1977), it was not the medium that caused a change in achievement, but rather a curricular reform that accompanied the change. The best current evidence is that media are mere vehicles that deliver instruction but do not influence student achievement any more than the truck that delivers our groceries causes changes in our nutrition.

Figurative Language in Night

The Holocaust made an impact on everybodys lives but Eli Wiesel has a one of a kind story. In the novel Night written by Eli Wiesel he shares to everybody about the hardships in concentration camps as a young boy. He describes some of the horrible events using fgurative language to clearly show his experiences in the Holocaust. Eli uses ‘night' to convey the horrors he witnessed around him when the prisoners are on the freezing cattle cars and also his first day in the camp.Eli uses figurative language to create a better image in your mind about what he is talking about. For example when the prisoners are on the cattle car during the freezing winter Eli mentions, â€Å"The night was growing longer, never ending† (98). Eli isn't Just saying that the nights are longer in time he is implying that the hardships he is going through are getting worse and longer. Everyone at times cannot express an event without using figurative language.For instance when Eli first arrives at t he concentration camp he sees things that he will never get out of his mind. â€Å"Never shall I forget that night, the first night in camp that turned my life into one long night† (34). Here Eli is using â€Å"night† as all the hardships nd he states that his life is â€Å"one long night. † While all of the prisoners were treated like animals and forced to fit into cattle cars, Eli says â€Å"The days resembled nights and the nights left in our souls†(100).Eli is stating how the horrors everybody is experiencing are never ending and also never- ending in their souls. Throughout Eli's story he frequently uses ‘night' in his figurative language to create an image of what all of the prisoners went through. The Holocaust changed lives all across the world showing that people will do horrible things and it also shows how strong people really are.

The Manic Episode Of Stephen - 1606 Words

Following, the manic episode took place. Stephen steals a few of his father friend’s credit cards and goes traveling. He felt as a fantastic reinvention of himself, buying expensive clothes and drinking cocktails, he wanted to be one of those rich people of the ninety- twenties. Again, he recalls never thinking about the lack of morality around his behaviour. Stephen was in a manic fantasy state, where as he states, ‘you believe that you are the only one, that nobody else exists and that you are the center of the universe’. After months of traveling with the stolen cards, he was arrested and sent to Puckle church Prison. He felt good in there, the only thing that trigger his morality or sadness, was his mother’s crosswords cutout papers†¦show more content†¦For Dr. Kinki earlier diagnosis is good, for Janson’s children means medication. On the other hand, Sussy explained how certain extreme behaviour led her to get an earlier diagnosis on he r children; triggers like seeing her children being on edge for 3 hours and then, they kick the window and break it out of rage, made her realize that her sons needed to see a psychiatrist. Stephen goes through their medication and a big concern arises in him. Is this the best way of helping these children? Stephen sympathizes with the kid’s rages states and the shame that comes after those states. The big difference between Stephen and those children is that he never knew he had an illness. Stephen considers that if medication prevents the children of wrecking their lives and his mother, then, is good. As Stephen’s journey goes on, he now starts wondering about how his illness has been helping to build his success. Would it be any different if he hasn’t this illness? Stephen remembers this amazing energy and creativity, but also, recalled hearing voices; actually his own voice telling him how unworthy he is, and his anxiety dreams where he strips his clothes on stage or pee himself. Also, Stephen brings to mind his feelings when he is hosting a show, and how from outside, he seems cheerful and funny, but inside he is tearing the wall of